Carbachol is a cholinergic agonist that mimics the action of acetylcholine (ACh) in the body. It is a synthetic compound that stimulates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, producing various physiological effects.
Chemical Structure:
- Molecular Formula: C6H15ClN2O2
- Chemical Name: 2-[(Aminocarbonyl)oxy]-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride
Pharmacological Effects:
- Stimulates smooth muscle contraction
- Increases salivation, sweating, and tear production
- Constricts pupils (miosis)
- Lowers intraocular pressure
- Stimulates gastric acid secretion
- Increases urinary bladder contraction
Clinical Uses:
- Treatment of glaucoma (to reduce intraocular pressure)
- Diagnostic tool for neuromuscular transmission disorders
- Used in ophthalmic solutions to induce miosis
- Research applications in studying cholinergic systems
Side Effects:
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- Headache, dizziness, and weakness
- Bronchospasm, wheezing, and respiratory distress
- Hypersalivation, sweating, and flushing
Contraindications:
- Asthma, COPD, and other respiratory conditions
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Hyperthyroidism
- Pregnancy and lactation
Note: Carbachol is a potent cholinergic agent and should be used with caution, under medical supervision.