Tacrine hydrochloride is a synthetic compound that was used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. It was the first medication approved by the FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Chemical Structure:
- Molecular Formula: C13H14N2. HCl
- Chemical Name: 9-Amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-1-ol hydrochloride
Pharmacological Effects:
- Reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase, leading to:
- Increased acetylcholine levels in the brain
- Improved cognitive function and memory
- Slowed progression of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms
Clinical Uses:
- Treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease
Side Effects:
- Liver toxicity and elevated liver enzymes
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- Headache, dizziness, and confusion
- Fatigue, weakness, and muscle cramps
- Increased risk of urinary tract infections
Contraindications:
- History of liver disease or elevated liver enzymes
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Asthma and other respiratory conditions
- Pregnancy and lactation
Note: Tacrine hydrochloride is no longer widely used due to its potential for liver toxicity and the availability of safer alternative treatments for Alzheimer’s disease.