BP203T. BIOCHEMISTRY Books
“Exploring the chemical processes and reactions that occur within living organisms, including the structure and function of biomolecules, metabolic pathways, and enzyme kinetics, to understand the biochemical basis of life and disease.”
Course Content
Unit Title
Content
UNIT-1
- Biomolecules
Introduction, classification, chemical nature and biological role of carbohydrate, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids and proteins. - Bioenergetics
Concept of free energy, endergonic and exergonic reaction, Relationship between free energy, enthalpy and entropy; Redox potential. Energy rich compounds; classification; biological significances of ATP and cyclic AMP
UNIT-II
- Carbohydrate metabolism
Glycolysis– Pathway, energetics and significance
Citric acid cycle- Pathway, energetics and significance
HMP shunt and its significance; Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase
(G6PD) deficiency Glycogen metabolism Pathways and glycogen storage diseases (GSD) Gluconeogenesis- Pathway and its significance Hormonal regulation of blood glucose level and Diabetes mellitus - Biological oxidation
Electron transport chain (ETC) and its mechanism. Oxidative phosphorylation & its mechanism and substrate
phosphorylation. Inhibitors ETC and oxidative phosphorylation/Uncouplers
UNIT-III
- Lipid metabolism- β-Oxidation of saturated fatty acid (Palmitic acid) Formation and utilization of ketone bodies; ketoacidosis
De novo synthesis of fatty acids (Palmitic acid)
Biological significance of cholesterol and conversion of cholesterol into
bile acids, steroid hormone and vitamin D Disorders of lipid metabolism: Hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis,
fatty liver and obesity. - Amino acid metabolism
General reactions of amino acid metabolism: Transamination,
deamination & decarboxylation, urea cycle and its disorders
Catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine and their metabolic disorders (Phenyketonuria, Albinism, alkeptonuria, tyrosinemia)
Synthesis and significance of biological substances; 5-HT, melatonin,
dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline. Catabolism of heme; hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice
UNIT-IV
- Nucleic acid metabolism and genetic information transfer Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
Catabolism of purine nucleotides and Hyperuricemia and Gout disease
Organization of mammalian genome
Structure of DNA and RNA and their functions
DNAreplication (semi conservative model)
Transcription or RNA synthesis
Genetic code, Translation or Protein synthesis and inhibitors
UNIT-V
- Enzymes- Introduction, properties, nomenclature and IUB classification of enzymes
Enzyme kinetics (Michaelis plot, Line Weaver Burke plot)
Enzyme inhibitors with examples
Regulation of enzymes: enzyme induction and repression, allosteric
enzymes regulation Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes and isoenzymes
Coenzymes–Structure and biochemical functions
Learning Objectives
- Understand the catalytic role of enzymes, importance of enzyme inhibitors in design of new drugs, therapeutic and diagnostic applications of enzymes.
- Understand the metabolism of nutrient molecules in physiological and pathological conditions
- Understand the genetic organization of mammalian genome and functions of DNA in the synthesis of RNAs and proteins
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