Disease Related

CARBACHOL

Carbachol is a synthetic cholinergic agent that mimics acetylcholine. It is primarily used in ophthalmology to lower intraocular pressure in conditions like glaucoma and to induce miosis during eye surgeries. Carbachol acts on both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, promoting muscle contraction in the eye and enhancing fluid drainage. Its effects are longer-lasting than those of acetylcholine due to its resistance to degradation by acetylcholinesterase.

Carbachol is a cholinergic agonist that mimics the action of acetylcholine (ACh) in the body. It is a synthetic compound that stimulates both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, producing various physiological effects.

Chemical Structure:

  • Molecular Formula: C6H15ClN2O2
  • Chemical Name: 2-[(Aminocarbonyl)oxy]-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride

Pharmacological Effects:

  • Stimulates smooth muscle contraction
  • Increases salivation, sweating, and tear production
  • Constricts pupils (miosis)
  • Lowers intraocular pressure
  • Stimulates gastric acid secretion
  • Increases urinary bladder contraction

Clinical Uses:

  • Treatment of glaucoma (to reduce intraocular pressure)
  • Diagnostic tool for neuromuscular transmission disorders
  • Used in ophthalmic solutions to induce miosis
  • Research applications in studying cholinergic systems

Side Effects:

  • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
  • Headache, dizziness, and weakness
  • Bronchospasm, wheezing, and respiratory distress
  • Hypersalivation, sweating, and flushing

Contraindications:

  • Asthma, COPD, and other respiratory conditions
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Pregnancy and lactation

Note: Carbachol is a potent cholinergic agent and should be used with caution, under medical supervision.