Daily Use

PARACETAMOL

Paracetamol is a widely used medication for relieving mild to moderate pain and reducing fever. It works by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, which helps to alleviate headaches, toothaches, menstrual cramps, and other discomforts. Available under various brand names, including Tylenol, Paracetamol is generally considered safe when taken as directed, with a recommended dosage of 500mg-1000mg every 4-6 hours.

Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen, is a widely used over-the-counter (OTC) medication for relieving pain and reducing fever. Here is a detailed description of paracetamol:

Chemical Name: N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)

Molecular Formula: C8H9NO2

Therapeutic Class: Analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer)

Mechanism of Action:

  • Paracetamol works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are hormone-like substances that cause pain and fever.
  • It blocks the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis.

Pharmacokinetics:

  • Absorption: Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
  • Distribution: Widely distributed throughout the body
  • Metabolism: Primarily metabolized in the liver by glucuronidation and sulfation
  • Excretion: Excreted in the urine

Uses:

  • Relieving mild to moderate pain (e.g., headaches, toothaches, menstrual cramps)
  • Reducing fever
  • Relieving symptoms of colds and flu

Dosage Forms:

  • Tablets
  • Capsules
  • Liquid suspensions
  • Suppositories
  • Intravenous injections (for hospital use only)

Common Side Effects:

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue

Serious Side Effects (rare):

  • Liver damage (hepatotoxicity)
  • Allergic reactions (anaphylaxis)
  • Blood disorders (e.g., thrombocytopenia)

Contraindications:

  • Hypersensitivity to paracetamol
  • Severe liver disease
  • Chronic alcoholism

Interactions:

  • Warfarin (increased risk of bleeding)
  • Anticonvulsants (reduced efficacy)
  • Alcohol (increased risk of liver damage)

Overdose:

  • Can cause severe liver damage and potentially be fatal
  • Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and confusion
  • Treatment involves supportive care and potentially N-acetylcysteine (NAC) antidote

Remember to always follow the recommended dosage and consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns or questions.